Simple rules of good typography...

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Here I would like to introduce you to several techniques to create a clean, stylish and professional typography, which will help to bring your work in web design and print advertising to a new level. Of course, rules are created in order to break them, but they know you just have to.

Do not use too many fonts.

Try to have your documents or websites you can find a sequence. It connects all the parts into a whole and allows you to not get lost in the structure. A good habit is to use no more than three different fonts.

hierarchy.

It is very important in typography is to comply with the hierarchy of the page. All the important elements is to provide the size or make of the total body of the text. This is more than just look at the page and ask people about what they see in the first place. As a designer you have to think about relationships and hierarchies in the first place.

font Size.

Use no more than four font sizes in a document or Web site, and preferably all three. Again, this allows you to save a sequence of. Too many different sizes make the page fragmented. You can, for example, use a font with a large pocket for the title, medium and small for the entry to the main text. This will help contain the entire structure of clear and logical.

8 -10pt for body text.

Try to adhere to these values. This makes an array of text groomed and neat, and allows you to make a noticeable release titles and important elements. And remember, never go beyond the boundaries of 12pt.

Unreadable font - the font is not.

There is always room for abstract and avant-garde styles, but it is on the posters and signs. If you want to make the text readable, use standard fonts, chopped.

row Height.

On Line space is often overlooked designers, because a lot easier to just use the standard distance. But trust me, thanks to the correct height of the lines can be exposed much more to improve the look of the document. Personally, I like to squeeze a bit standard row height. That is, if the font size of 12pt, and automatically put up a distance 16pt, I squeezed it to 14pt. Especially well it works with fonts like Helvetica. The point here is not to overdo it, bore down on the text to each other.

kerning.

Kerning - is the horizontal space between letters. Similarly, as in the height of rows, it requires close attention and each case should be considered separately. For example, a font Helvetica and Futura, I prefer it a little to reduce. But we need to ensure that, when manually configuring the distance the individual letters are not connected to each other, as can occur between r and t.

The focus and emphasis on.

This allows you to highlight key words and break up large paragraphs of text. Vast areas are very scared and do not allow readers to focus on the core. To avoid this you can change the color slightly, add the word ...

Do not bend the stick with the release of.

Select the word or block of text, use either italics or underlining, but never connect them. Too much emphasis does the page dirty and messy.

Do not use lower case letters in the body.

Perhaps the most simple rule. Never write in lower case, it affects the readability of.

Always align the text on the line.

Another simple rule. Ideally, use the alignment is not only horizontally but also vertically.

Adhere to standards alignment.

For English-language Internet is good practice to align to the left for the Russian-speaking - the entire width (justify). According to this when you create a site worth paying attention to such differences.

Length of lines.

The length of string in the text is decorated not only the appearance of the document, but also improves the readability of your text if the width is too large, it is worth thinking about how to split it into columns. Similarly, if short lines make the eyes too often jump from one side to another, make them wider.

Punctuation and a bulleted list.

It is these laws which are very easy to forget. Modern design programs do not correctly follow this point, as does the same points in a bulleted list should advocate for the bulk of the text. In the example below you can see the correct placement.

Fibonacci series.

The first number of the Fibonacci series - 0 and 1, all the rest of the term are the two previous. Ever since the Renaissance, many architects and artists have followed the rule of the ... In typography, it is expressed through the ratio of the size of the font, indent, the height of rows and m. n. If you have to also take into consideration when developing the design, the sophistication of the work life pridadete.

0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144....

afterword.

Typography - this is a great science, and I 'm sure many will disagree with those rules, about which I wrote above. But they are a kind of guide for beginners and adhering to them, you can create a truly beautiful design. I hope my advice will not pass freely.

Source: http://tutoras. com / good-typography /.

Man Without a Past

Over Viktor Yanukovych made ​​joke, but it is not as simple as it seems. Before the 60th anniversary of the fourth president of Ukraine on the peculiarities of his character ...

- You have long been considered one of the persons close to Yanukovych, and probably talked to him in an informal setting. What is it without a camera? .

- Viktor Yanukovych has a very problematic nature. He is a man, on the one hand, significant and interesting, but on the other - very complex for. According to my observations, he is so afraid to admit what he really that taboo for too much so. Therefore, to understand Yanukovych to the end, in the long term, no one can. First, a complete taboo - it's his past. And this is a big problem. [... ].

- How these complexes are shown in direct contact?.

- You know, like a fatal Yanukovych Yushchenko. He just tries to escape from the unpleasant fact. As soon reach critical or inconvenient to those who can shake his confidence in himself, he immediately and severely, ... Yushchenko, in such cases the conversation on ancient pots (ex- president of the objects collected era Tripoli - a comment. ed. ). But Yanukovych immediately begins to tell how he is in Spain playing golf that he is a member of the Royal Golf Club and is listed among the best golfers, but few people know about it. Or tell us how to play tennis, as fond of cars, as well as where he went, as was driving, and so on. But here is my taboo: he never talks about his past before they headed carpool.

- That is, a criminal record?.

- This is all there can be no. But even on his childhood, he never told. And this, despite the fact that the social issue is popular enough, and the politicians decided to show off golozadym childhood.

- It is known that Mr. Yanukovich 's grandmother raised.

- All these nuggets of information. I talked with him for a long time, we went together for hours in the car, and much discussed, but has always been a temporary side - carpool. He has never fallen below this bar, do not tell that it was previously. None of the school years, or about a child. There was always the holy border, which it never crossed. For him, this painful subject. And he was always limited to the general definition of what life was difficult and dangerous. Perhaps he does not want to remember, trying to forget it and drive out of memory.

Significantly, the theme is always nice trying to gloss over. For example, Yanukovych often told tale, as he bravely allowed himself to speak with Kuchma. Everyone knows that during the presidency of Leonid Kuchma said all the officials with him, standing on his hind legs: ... But it is telling hundreds of times, Yanukovych himself began to believe it. He convinced himself and that he created a Party of Regions, although the creation of the party to its formation, he was never involved and generally not interested in the party, until the case came before the presidential elections ( 2004 - ca. ed. ) And decided that the party leader must be a Yanukovych. This is an option when a person creates for himself a story that reflects the desired image. He was at that time wanted to be strong and courageous, all were regarded as not mocked.

- Did he really is not strong?.

- Now Yanukovich persuaded at this myself and everyone in their environment. Now everyone believes that he is strong and terrible that he allegedly beat all of the muzzle, jaw wrenches. But in fact, believe me, he does not beat anyone. Maybe there was something in the family, but doubt it ( after losing the presidential elections in 2004-2005, there were rumors that Yanukovych had beaten his wife Lyudmila at the scandalous speech at the rally - a comment. ed. ). All these rumors that he was someone from the political right to the jaw - I guarantee I can say that this was not. But when the orange between the mass began to untwist the subject, then he grasped for it. He realized that for him it is a convenient way of. This is what he lacked. He believed it, but that in reality did not mordovorotom. Yes, there was a hardness in his voice, but if it provide a minimum resistance, then it disappears.

- Fear of their own past - the only weakness of Yanukovych?.

- No, of course. For example, he is afraid to make responsible decisions. He could have ten times the decision to change. Remember how many times broke out in a coalition with BYuT? . He always runs away from decision-making. Therefore, he always needed someone who would be there and would take the responsibility - to Yanukovych himself stayed away. To do this, and the need Liovochkin ( Liovochkin Sergei - Head of the Presidential Administration - note. ed. ).

In my opinion, another important issue Yanukovich - he hesitates to admit ignorance or inability, and this does not understand what you need to keep learning. From this his constant mistakes in the literature, the geography. To do this, do not have a lot of time. Just sit down and work with someone. You just need to hire a tutor, as we have done in his time in the Ukrainian language. And you see that he went to a normal level of knowledge of the Ukrainian language. Although initially he did not know him physically, but Kuchma said that we should learn. Similarly, there need to organize classes in general literature, a little bit of philosophy. [... ].

- It is believed that Yanukovych's almost totally controls the Anna Herman. First it was his press secretary, and then rose from the deputy to the deputy head of presidential administration. They say it was ... Is this true? . On the one hand, she occasionally tries to put some in his address pins. No wonder the float her phrases like: ... Until the Yanukovich, obviously, they did reach quickly, because the squealing in this environment is well developed. But in my eyes she always says the opposite, instead of telling the truth, to correct something. It is a constant toadying.

- Why so Yanukovych holds for her? .

- No. I, too, like, a representative of the West, but in the Yanukovych team is not adapted. First, we had to continually catch his mood, to show him his uniqueness and irreplaceability. Herman provided his speech, voice, everything was prepared, harvested. At the same time that he uttered it or, in the media it will be displayed properly. And it is kind of like a head does not hurt. Secondly, he has always loved to hear stories about his genius, and it too played a role. I, for example, when we went, got into the car, once said that the speech was too much rigidity, that the word ... Critical remarks aroused his longing, he immediately spoiled the mood, he missed. And if he say ...

- About Victor Yushchenko said that he surrounded himself with too many women - from the Head of Administration, Secretary of the NSDC and ending with the double- submission of Yulia Tymoshenko for prime minister. In the life of a woman Yanukovych also play a special role?.

- Mr Yushchenko - is psychiatry, a manifestation of the Oedipus complex, with all clear. Yanukovych has nothing like this. At the German site could turn out to be someone in my pants. For example, the same Eugene Kopatko that they will always be a good sociologist. He just knows how to make a true sociology in the right way for them. Liovochkin, or who, in spite of the undercover game, always played along at the right time.

- So what's the phenomenon of the current president of Ukraine? .

- I would not advise to take Yanukovych's ... If only because he came here to stay. And he has a need for the maximum concentration of power. This is a problem with a fatal. This is not the policy of the European psycho, because the European model of government that does not provide.

- What is the threat?.

- This is not the only problem of Yanukovych. This is a problem throughout the Ukrainian politics. This is a manifestation of immaturity. If Yanukovych gets more powers, it is unlikely that will change. He has already mothballed. Seriously, he will not change. On the other hand he had nowhere to seek. While he still struggles for power, he is not confident.


The original of this material.

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